Measure individual sweat loss during departmental training.

Line of dutyfirefighter deaths in 2025.
Leading causefrom overexertion or strain.
Peak exertionof maximum heart rate.
Sources · NFPA · U.S. Fire Administration
Firefighter by firefighter.
Not who looks tired.
Rehab, fluids, fresh crew.
heat deaths in Maricopa County, AZ in 2025, up from 84 in 2015.
of those deaths came on days rated only moderate risk.
SOURCES: MARICOPA COUNTY DPH · BLS · EPA · NFPA
Forearm, arm or lower back.
Enter the furthest channel reached.
Fluid loss and sweat rate, per person.
Worn under PPE
Sweat only, no blood or urine
Sweat rate, fluid loss, sodium and potassium
One shift per patch, then discarded
3M adhesive, ISO biocompatible
Seattle Fire Department
Pilot partner
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